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Judicial Codes of Conduct Map

This map and summary outlines anti-discrimination protections in judicial codes of conduct across the United States.
Scroll down to select your state and find it’s specific information.

Map of anti-discrimination provisions in judicial codes of conduct across the United States

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This map provides information about the anti-discrimination rules within each state’s Judicial Code of Conduct. Specifically, this map shows whether a state has explicit anti-discrimination protections based on gender and/or sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression that judges must follow. For information about a particular state’s anti-discrimination provision within that state’s Judicial Code of Conduct, click on the link to that state below. Included within each state’s section, there is: (1) a citation to and language of the anti-discrimination rule in the state’s code of conduct, (2) a link to that rule, and (3) a link to the agency or commission in the state that accepts official complaints against judges.

Alabama | Alaska | Arizona | Arkansas | California | Colorado | Connecticut | Delaware | District of Columbia | Florida | Georgia | Hawaii | Idaho | Illinois | Indiana | Iowa | Kansas | Kentucky | Louisiana | Maine | Maryland | Massachusetts | Michigan | Minnesota | Mississippi | Missouri | Montana | Nebraska | Nevada | New Hampshire | New Jersey | New Mexico | New York | North Carolina | North Dakota | Ohio | Oklahoma | Oregon | Pennsylvania | Rhode Island | South Carolina | South Dakota | Tennessee | Texas | Utah | Vermont | Virginia | Washington | West Virginia | Wisconsin | Wyoming

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Gender Expression, and Sex and/or Gender Protections

    • Link to Code of Conduct: Code of Judicial Ethics
    • Specific Rule: Canon 3(B)(5), California Code of Judicial Ethics
    • Rule Language: “A judge shall perform judicial duties without bias or prejudice. A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, engage in speech, gestures, or other conduct that would reasonably be perceived as (a) bias, prejudice, or harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, or (b) sexual harassment.”
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Filing a Complaint | CJP (ca.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: https://www.courts.state.hi.us/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/rcjc_ada.htm
    • Specific Rule: Rule 2.3(b), Hawai’i Revised Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule Language: “A judge shall not, in the performance of the duties of judicial office, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.”
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Judiciary | Commission on Judicial Conduct (state.hi.us)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Judicial Court Rules
    • Specific Rule: Rule 2.3(B) and Comment 2 of that rule, Massachusetts Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: “A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice or engage in harassment, including bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon a person’s status or condition. A judge also shall not permit court personnel or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to engage in such prohibited behavior.”
    • Comment Language: Comment [2] “As used in this Rule, examples of status or condition include but are not limited to race, color, sex, gender identity or expression, religion, nationality, national origin, ethnicity, citizenship or immigration status, ancestry, disease or disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation.”
    • Link to file complaint against judge: File a complaint with the Commission on Judicial Conduct | Mass.gov.

    *These protected statuses are only listed in the comment to the rule, not the rule itself. Shown on the map with diagonal stripes.

    • Link to Code of Conduct: Rules of Court | NJ Courts
    • Rule: See Part I Appendices (Code of Judicial Conduct), Canon 3, Rule 3.6(A))
    • Rule Language: “A judge shall be impartial and shall not discriminate because of race, creed, color, sex, gender identity or expression, religion/religious practices or observances, national origin/nationality, ancestry, language, ethnicity, disability or perceived disability, atypical hereditary cellular or blood trait, genetic information, status as a veteran or disabled veteran of, or liability for service in, the Armed Forces of the United States, age, affectional or sexual orientation, marital status, civil union status, domestic partnership status, socioeconomic status or political affiliation.”
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Filing a Judicial Ethics Complaint | NJ Courts
    • Link to Code of Conduct: PART 100. Judicial Conduct | NYCOURTS.GOV.
    • Rule: Section 100.3(4), NY Rules of the Chief Administrative Judge
    • Rule Language: “A judge shall perform judicial duties without bias or prejudice against or in favor of any person. A judge in the performance of judicial duties shall not, by words or conduct, manifest bias or prejudice, including but not limited to bias or prejudice based upon age, race, creed, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, religion, national origin, disability, marital status or socioeconomic status, and shall require staff, court officials and others subject to the judge’s direction and control to refrain from such words or conduct.”
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: NYS Commission on Judicial Conduct.
    • Link to Code of Conduct: 207 Pa. Code Chapter 33. Code Of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule: Rule 2.3(B), Pennsylvania Judicial Code of Conduct, Chapter 33, Pennsylvania Code.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender identity or expression, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: Filing a Complaint | Judicial Conduct Board of Pennsylvania
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule: 2.3 (B) & Comment 3 to that Rule.
    • Rule Language: Rule 2.3(B) “A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.” Comment 3, “Harassment, as referred to in paragraphs (B) and (C), is verbal or physical conduct that denigrates or shows hostility or aversion toward a person on bases such as race, sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation.”
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: Filing a Complaint

    *These protected statuses are only listed in the comment to the rule, not the rule itself. Shown on the map with diagonal stripes.

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Sex and/or Gender Protections

    • Link to Code of Conduct: Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule: 2.3(B) &(C)
    • Rule Language: (B) A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, gender identity, religion, national origin, ethnicity, pregnancy, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so. (C) Proceedings before the court shall be conducted without manifesting bias or prejudice or engaging in harassment, based upon attributes including but not limited to race, sex, gender, gender identity, religion, national origin, ethnicity, pregnancy, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, by or against lawyers, parties, witnesses, or others.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Frequently Asked Questions (illinois.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: State of Maine Judicial Responsibility and Disability Committee.
    • Rule: 2.3 (B), Maine Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice for or against an individual or a party, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon, race, sex, gender, gender identity, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others, while subject to the judge’s direction and control, to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: State of Maine Judicial Responsibility and Disability Committee
    • Link to Code of Conduct: 2-2.3 | Bias, Prejudice, and Harassment (mo.gov).
    • Rule: 2-2.3 (B), Missouri Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, gender identity, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, or marital status, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Commission on Retirement, Removal and Discipline
    • Link to Code of Judicial Conduct: CodeJudicialConduct.pdf (oregon.gov).
    • Rule: Rule 3.3 (B), Oregon Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct, manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, against parties, witnesses, lawyers, or others based on attributes including but not limited to, sex, gender identity, race, national origin, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, marital status, disability, age, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: Oregon Judicial Department : Complaint Form : Complaint Information
    • Linked to Code of Conduct: PROMULGATED Vermont Code of Judicial Conduct and Abrogating AO 10.pdf (vermontjudiciary.org).
    • Rule: Rule 2.3 (B), Vermont Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, color, sex, religion, national origin, ethnicity, ancestry, place of birth, disability, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status, socioeconomic status, or other grounds that are illegal or prohibited under federal or state law and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file complaint against a judge Judicial Conduct Board | Vermont Judiciary See Judicial Misconduct Complaint Form at bottom of the page.

Sexual Orientation and Sex and/or Gender Protections

    • Link to Code of Conduct: CODE OF JUDICIAL CONDUCT (alaska.gov).
    • Rule: Canon 3(5), Alaska Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: In the performance of judicial duties, a judge shall act without bias or prejudice and shall not manifest, by words or conduct, bias or prejudice based upon race, color, sex, religion, national origin, disability, age, marital status, changes in marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, sexual orientation, or social or economic status. A judge shall not permit court staff and others subject to the judge’s direction and control to deviate from these standards in their duties.
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: Alaska Commission on Judicial Conduct
    • Link to Code of Conduct: 2022 Code of Judicial Conduct.pdf (azcourts.gov).
    • Rule: Rule 2.3 (B), Arizona Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judges direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Commission on Judicial Conduct > How to File a Complaint (azcourts.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Colorado Legal Resources | Court Rules Document Page (lexis.com).
    • Rule: Rule 2.3 (B), Colorado Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Colorado Commission on Judicial Discipline
    • Link to Code of Conduct: pdf (ct.gov).
    • Rule: 2.3(b), Connecticut Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct, manifest bias or prejudice or engage in harassment including, but not limited to, bias, prejudice, or harassment based on race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation and shall not condone such conduct by court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Complaint Form and Guidelines (ct.gov)
    • Link to Code of Judicial Conduct: Judge’s Code Ordinance.
    • Rule: Rule 2.3 (A) & Comment; Rule 2.8 & Comment, Delaware Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language:
      • Rule 2.3 (A), A judge should perform the duties of judicial office, including administrative duties, without bias or prejudice.
        • Comment: A judge who manifests bias or prejudice in a proceeding impairs the fairness of the proceeding and brings the judiciary into disrepute. Examples of manifestations of bias or prejudice include but are not limited to epithets; slurs; demeaning nicknames; negative stereotyping; attempted humor based upon stereotypes; threatening, intimidating, or hostile acts; suggestions of connections between race, ethnicity, or nationality and crime; and irrelevant references to personal characteristics. Even facial expressions and body language can convey to parties and lawyers in the proceeding, jurors, the media, and others an appearance of bias or prejudice. A judge should avoid conduct that may reasonably be perceived as prejudiced or biased.
      • Rule 2.8 (B), A judge should be patient, dignified, respectful and courteous to litigants, jurors, witnesses, lawyers, and others with whom the judge deals in an official capacity, and should require similar conduct of the judge’s staff, court officials, and others subject to the judge’s direction and control, including lawyers to the extent consistent with their role in the adversary process.
        • Comment: The duty to be respectful of others includes the responsibility to avoid comment or behavior that can reasonably be interpreted as manifesting prejudice or bias towards another on the basis of personal characteristics like race, sex, religion, national origin, disability, age, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Filing a Complaint – Court on the Judiciary – Supreme Court – Delaware Courts – State of Delaware.

    *These protected statuses are only listed in the comment to the rule, not the rule itself. Shown on the map with diagonal stripes.

    • Link to Code of Judicial Conduct: Canon 3 – Supreme Court (flcourts.gov).
    • Rule: Canon 3(B)(5) & Comment to Canon 3(B)(5), Florida Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule Language: A judge shall perform judicial duties without bias or prejudice. A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, including but not limited to bias or prejudice based upon race, sex, religion, national origin, disability, age, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status, and shall not permit staff, court officials, and others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so. This section does not preclude the consideration of race, sex, religion, national origin, disability, age, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, or other similar factors when they are issues in the proceeding.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: https://floridajqc.com/
    • Link to Code of Conduct: CJC-2.1.2464.pdf (gajqc.gov) (gasupreme.us).
    • Rule: 2.3(B), Georgia Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon age, disability, ethnicity, gender or sex, marital status, national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status. Judges shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: https://gajqc.gov/complaints/
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule: 2.3(B), Idaho Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct, manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, against parties, witnesses, lawyers, or others, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Idaho Judicial Council – Judicial Discipline
    • Link to Code of Conduct: https://www.in.gov/courts/rules/jud_conduct/
    • Rule: Rule 2.3 (B), Indiana Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Indiana Judicial Branch: Office of Judicial and Attorney Regulation: Judicial officer complaint
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Iowa Code of Judicial Conduct | Iowa Judicial Branch (iowajqc.gov).
    • Rule: 51:2.3(B), Iowa Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Complaint Form | Iowa Judicial Branch (iowajqc.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Rule 601B CANON 2: – Impartial Performance of Duties – KS Courts.
    • Rule: Rule 2.3 (B), Kansas Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassmentbased upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: File a Complaint Against a Judge – KS Courts
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Kentucky Court Rules (westlaw.com).
    • Rule: Rule 2.3(B), Kentucky Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file complaint against judge: Judicial Conduct Commission – Kentucky Court of Justice (kycourts.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Maryland Code and Court Rules.
    • Rule: Rule 18-102.3 (b), Maryland Rules, Maryland Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: In the performance of judicial duties, a judge shall not, by words or conduct, manifest bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation. A judge shall require attorneys in proceedings before the court, court staff, court officials, and others subject to the judge’s direction and control to refrain from similar conduct.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Filing a Complaint | Maryland Courts (state.md.us)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: MN Court Rules.
    • Rule: 2.3(B) Minnesota Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Minnesota Board on Judicial Standards | Complaints (state.mn.us)
      • Link to Code of Conduct: Code of Judicial Conduct (ms.gov).
      • Rule: Rule 3(B)(5), Mississippi Code of Judicial Conduct.
      • Rule Language: A judge shall perform judicial duties without bias or prejudice. A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, including but not limited to bias or prejudice based upon race, gender, religion, national origin, disability, age, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status, and shall not permit staff, court officials and others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so. A judge shall refrain from speech, gestures or other conduct that could reasonably be perceived as sexual harassment and shall require the same standard of conduct of others subject to the judge’s direction and control.
      • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Filing a Complaint | Mississippi Commission on Judicial Performance (ms.gov)

     

    • Link to Code of Conduct: Rules Regarding Conduct.indd (mt.gov).
    • Rule: Rule 2.3(B), Montana Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Judge Complaints & Disqualification – Substitution of Judge (mt.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: 5-302.3. Bias, prejudice, and harassment. | Nebraska Judicial Branch.
    • Rule: Rule §5-302.3 (B), Nebraska Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: How to File a Judicial Complaint | Nebraska Judicial Branch
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Part VI.  Revised Nevada Code of Judicial Conduct (state.nv.us).
    • Rule: Rule 2.3(B), Nevada Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Guide to Ethical Obligations & Filing a Complaint (nv.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Rule 38. Code of Judicial Conduct | New Hampshire Judicial Branch (nh.gov).
    • Rule: Rule 2.3(B), New Hampshire Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: Judicial Conduct Committee | New Hampshire Judicial Branch (nh.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: North Dakota Court System – CANON 2 (ndcourts.gov).
    • Rule: Rule 2.3(B), North Dakota Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of all duties of judicial office, including administrative duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: North Dakota Court System – Complaints Against Judges (ndcourts.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Ohio Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule: Rule 2.3(B), Ohio Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Filing A Grievance | ODC Ohio
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Bias, Prejudice, and Harassment (oscn.net).
    • Rule: Rule 2.3(B), Oklahoma Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: Oklahoma Council on Judicial Complaints
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Rhode Island Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule: Rule 2.3(B), Rhode Island Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not knowingly permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: Instructions and Verified Complaint Form
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Texas Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule: Canon 3 (B)(6), Texas Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, including but not limited to bias or prejudice based upon race, sex, religion, national origin, disability, age, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status, and shall not knowingly permit staff, court officials and others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: State Commission on Judicial Conduct (texas.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: UCJA Chapter 12, Canon 2 (Code of Judicial Administration) – Utah Courts (utcourts.gov).
    • Rule: Rule 2.3(B), Utah Code of Judicial Administration, Chapter 12, Canon 2.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: Complaint Forms | Judicial Conduct Commission (JCC) (utah.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Code of Judicial Conduct | West Virginia Judiciary (courtswv.gov).
    • Rule: Rule 2.3(B), West Virginia Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall perform judicial duties without bias or prejudice. A judge may not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct, manifest bias or prejudice, including bias or prejudice based upon race, gender, religion, national origin, disability, age, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status, and may not knowingly permit staff, court officials and others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: Judicial Investigation | West Virginia Judiciary (courtswv.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule: Supreme Court Rule (SCR) 60.04 (e), Wisconsin Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall perform judicial duties without bias or prejudice. A judge may not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct, manifest bias or prejudice, including bias or prejudice based upon race, gender, religion, national origin, disability, age, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status, and may not knowingly permit staff, court officials and others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: Wisconsin Court System – Wisconsin Judicial Commission (wicourts.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule: 2.3 (B), Wyoming Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: How to File a Complaint (wyo.gov)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: 2018 Edition of the Code of Judicial Conduct (2021 Supp.).pdf (dccourts.gov).
    • Rule: Rule 2.3(B), District of Columbia Code of Judicial Conduct
    • Rule Language: A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, or engage in harassment, including but not limited to bias, prejudice, or harassment based upon race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital status, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation, and shall not permit court staff, court officials, or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: Filing a Complaint | cjdt (dc.gov)

Sex and/or Gender Protections Only

    • Link to Code of Conduct: SC Judicial Branch (sccourts.org)
    • Rule: Canon 3(B)(5), South Carolina Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall perform judicial duties without bias or prejudice. A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, including but not limited to bias or prejudice based upon race, sex, religion, national origin, disability or age, and shall not permit staff, court officials and others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    • Link to file a complaint against a judge: SC Judicial Department (sccourts.org)
    1. Link to Code of Conduct: South Dakota Codified Laws (sd.gov).
    2. Rule: Canon 3(B)(5), South Dakota Code of Judicial Conduct.
    3. Rule Language: A judge shall perform judicial duties without bias or prejudice. A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, including but not limited to bias or prejudice based upon race, sex, religion, national origin, disability or age, and shall not permit staff, court officials and others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so.
    4. Link to file complaint against a judge: Complaint Form

No Protected Statuses Listed, but There is a General Anti-Bias/Prejudice Provision

    • Link to Code of Conduct: Code of Judicial Conduct – Court Rules – Louisiana Supreme Court (lasc.org).
    • Rule: Canon 3 (A)(4), Louisiana Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge shall perform judicial duties without bias or prejudice. A judge shall not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, and shall not permit staff, court officials or others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so. A judge may make reasonable efforts, consistent with the law and court rules, to facilitate the abilities of all litigants, including self-represented litigants, to be fairly heard, provided, however, that in so doing, a judge should not give self-represented litigants an unfair advantage or create an appearance of partiality to the reasonable person.
    • Link to file complaint against judge: Complaints – Judiciary Commission of Louisiana (judiciarycommissionla.org)
    • Link to Code of Conduct: Canons of Judicial Conduct (vacourts.gov).
    • Rule: Canon 1(H), Virginia Code of Judicial Conduct.
    • Rule Language: A judge must perform judicial duties without bias or prejudice. A judge must not, in the performance of judicial duties, by words or conduct manifest bias or prejudice, including but not limited to bias or prejudice toward any member of a protected class, and must not permit staff, court officials, and others subject to the judge’s direction and control to do so in the performance of their official duties. This does not preclude proper judicial consideration when characteristics related to membership in a protected class are at issue in the proceeding.
    • Link to file complaint against a judge: Judicial Inquiry and Review Commission (vacourts.gov)

No Explicit Anti-Discrimination/Anti-Bias Provision in Code